Pectoralis Major Length Test (Kendall-based)

Flexibility

Screens pectoralis major length via passive horizontal abduction/extension with compensation control.

Purpose

Screen for passive anterior shoulder restriction patterns consistent with pectoralis major stiffness/shortness within classical muscle length testing.

Execution

1. Position client supine in hook-lying (knees bent, feet flat) to reduce lumbar compensation; arms relaxed by the sides.
2. Select the test side. Bring the shoulder to approximately 90 deg abduction with the elbow extended and forearm supinated (palm up).
3. Passively move the arm slowly toward horizontal abduction/extension (bringing the arm toward the surface behind the frontal plane) without forcing end-range.
4. Observe for end-range limitation and compensations: anterior shoulder roll/anteriorization, humeral internal rotation, or shoulder elevation/shrugging.
5. Repeat on the other side and compare symmetry; record the key observations and whether positive indicators were present.

Key Observations

• Arm cannot approach the support surface (table/floor) during passive horizontal abduction/extension without obvious resistance.
• Early compensations appear (shoulder rolls forward/anteriorizes, humerus internally rotates, shoulder elevates/shrugs).
• Clear left-right asymmetry in passive end-range or compensatory pattern.

Views

• supine

Protocol

1. Observe from: supine.
2. Standardize start position and instructions.
3. Perform 2-3 trials per side when applicable.
4. Record key observations and any positive indicators.
5. Compare left vs right when applicable.

Reference

Kendall & McCreary - Muscles: Testing and Function with Posture and Pain (muscle length testing principles; pectoralis major shortness assessed via limitation of shoulder horizontal abduction/extension with compensation control).